Son of Pepin the Short, and Bertrada of Laon, who raised him as fervent Christian, ruled after the death his father, Pepin the Short, in 768, along with his brother Carloman the kingdom of the Franks. However, years after the latter died and Charles inherited the entire kingdom. The new Frankish king Charlemagne was called, meaning "Charles the Great." On reaching the throne, Charlemagne was proposed to restore the political unity of the Western Roman Empire and strengthen Christianity in Europe. To that end, began the conquest of neighboring territories, submitted to the Saxons (772-804), who lived in northern Germany. At the same time, killed the Avars, the people of Mongolian origin, which threatened the area of \u200b\u200bBavaria (Germany). Also underwent the Lombards, Germanic people, who inhabited the north of Italy, from the year 568, in a place that Pope Adrian I longed to recover, and to that end enlisted the help of Charlemagne, who was crowned after defeating them, as king of the Lombards. He held
near the Pyrenees, a border territory, which he called the English March, but failed to cross the Pyrenees to occupy Muslim Spain. The relationship with the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roam) was discord, until the Byzantine Emperor Michael I Rangabé signed a treaty which recognized in the year 812 Charlemagne emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Established an alliance with Pope Leo III who had consecrated emperor on Christmas Day, in 800, and the city of Aachen (in modern Germany), the capital of the empire, which divided for better management in counties or provinces, which was developed agriculture. At their head was a count, with civil and military power. The border provinces dialed, guarding the empire from invaders and were ruled by the Marquis. These and the counts were monitored by missi dominici, formed by a layman and a priest, who on his visits to the provinces kept watch over the compliance of the orders of the emperor. Charlemagne ruled his empire from an absolute (ie all the power concentrated) the style of the Roman emperors. However, the freemen of the empire (bishops, dukes and earls) met twice a year at a meeting to pass a law called Chapter prepared by Charlemagne.
Other officials were the chancellor, who was in charge of civil and ecclesiastical matters, and the chamberlain, who was the emperor's domestic affairs. The society was organized according to the role that each group met, so for example, the clergy was made up by those responsible for liturgical work, the warriors were composed by the men in charge of defense and conquest new land and the people estaab composed of men and women engaged in farming and livestock, mainly, which constituted the final step, and yet, thanks to his efforts managed to survive not only themselves but the rest of the class , considered privileged. Concerned about the low level of education, although he was practically illiterate, Charlemagne founded schools for the clergy and nobility, in the cathedrals, monasteries and even the palace. The latter, Platina School, led by Alcuin of York, a professor from England, was intended for future officials. The main textbook was the Bible, but also studied the Latin classics. This cultural flowering promoted by Charlemagne is known as the Carolingian Renaissance. " After Charlemagne's death, was succeeded by his son Louis, in 814, a weak monarch, nicknamed Louis the Pious and Louis the Pious, who endured internal strife with the nobility and his own succession, which vied with their children . In the external order, the empire suffered, between ninth and tenth centuries, new invasions, Normans or Vikings peoples Saracens, Hungarians and Slavs, which became extremely unsafe in the medieval world, beginning to lay the foundations of the new feudal organization with strong local authorities, by feudal lords and a land divided into small kingdoms and chiefdoms. Louis died in 840, and after several years of internal conflict, was signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided the empire into three parts, formed in nascent form the foundation of what would be in the future, Germany France and Italy. Eastern France or Germany, it fell to Luis. Western France (modern France) was assigned to Carlos. The regions of the Netherlands, Alsace, Switzerland and Italy were granted a Lothario, knowing for that reason that territory, thereafter, as Lorraine.
ACTIVITIES
1. True or False:
- Charlemagne was king of the barbarian kingdoms of the Franks.
- With the signing of the Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms.
- counties had the highest authority of a priest.
- dominici The missi were composed of two priests.
- The city of Aachen is located in the modern country of France.
- Charlemagne's death came the Carolingian Renaissance.
- Pepin the Short was the father of Charlemagne.
- Ludovico Pio was the brother of Charlemagne.
2. Complete the sentences blank:
a) ................... Pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Carolingian Empire.
b) The border provinces were .........................
c) The capital of the Empire Carolingian was the city of ..........................
d) The laws ............................. were elaborated Charlemagne and were approved at a assembly.
e) ....................... were barbarians of Mongolian origin, which threatened the area of \u200b\u200bBavaria.
3. Explains
a) What reasons led Charlemagne to launch a cultural reform in the empire?
b) What prompted Charlemagne to stand against the Lombards?
c) Why do they say that Luis or Louis the Pious was a weak ruler?
4. For Home:
a) illustrates the theme worked.
b) Watch the video about Charlemagne in this blog and then write a letter to a fictitious friend telling them why it is interesting to Charlemagne. (Minimum 8 lines).
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