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TAHUANTINSUYO THE CONQUEST OF THE LATE MIDDLE

friends (as) to the collapse of the Huari Empire breaks territorial unity they had achieved and regional cultures resurfacing own development, so we enter the second and final term is known intermediate as the Late Intermediate.
This period begins about the year 1200 AD C. and continues until d. 1438 C. when there is falling by the Chimu culture of the Incas.
Al Intermediate Late Chimu cultures as under, Collec or Collique, Chincha, and Chancas Chachapoyas. Some of them are going to explain that as the most extreme importance to us.


Chimu culture: Great goldsmiths
This culture has its development center in the Moche valley, in the region La Libertad. At the time of maximum expansion Chimu came north to Tumbes and as far south Carabayllo in Lima. It is believed that the Chimu culture is initiated by the year 1100 and lasted until the year 1470 AD C.

GOVERNMENT Chimu
was characterized by a militarized government in which the head was the king or great lord. The first king was Tacaynamo Chimu Chimu kingdom who founded and established as its capital the city of Chan Chan. The king accompanied him on the government a group of administrators who were responsible for tax collection, control of production, among other functions. After Tacaynamo other kings will rule Chimu, including Guacricaur, son of Tacaynamo. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION


The Chimúes had great concern for the social order developed a very rigid system controlled and through which all sectors of society.
There were very distinct social classes: upper class, consisting of the leaders. An intermediate class, consisting of priests. Finally, the dominated class composed of farmers, traders and artisans. There were also slaves or yana, were prisoners of war who were forced to work without any benefit. ECONOMY


The Chimúes managed to impose the dry nature of the Coast through the implementation of important works of irrigation, canals and dams. The basic economic activity was agriculture, for which built many irrigation canals, but also practiced fishing as a sideline.
Chimu men, in order to gain more farmland, built wachaques like parachutes. The farms were sunk wachaques that took advantage of soil moisture, which was rich with remains of marine species being ready to be cultivated. Moreover, the Chimu also practiced the trade with other areas in order to get those products they needed.

RELIGION
Chimu worshiped in various local gods, as the moon, sun, stars and the sea. Also believed in the existence of the afterlife. For this reason, the bodies were buried with valuable offerings and personal items that they could serve in the afterlife. CULTURAL EVENTS


Chimu pottery is characterized molds were used in its preparation. Ceramics dominated globular body with flat base and stirrup, but there are also those with bridge handle. The colors used were polished or matte black and red ocher. Generally, ceramics are characterized by Chimúes adorned with a small sculpture representing the figure of a monkey.

The Chimu built several cities which housed a large population. The capital of the Chimu culture was the city of Chan - Chan, located near the modern city of Trujillo. This city, rectangular in shape, covers an area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 20 km ². It was constructed of adobe and adobe blocks. Its walls were decorated with murals and decoration in high relief representing mythological figures, shapes and elements of the flora and fauna.

The Chimu excelled in the field of metallurgy, being considered the best metal workers of Ancient Peru. Such was the fame of these goldsmiths who, when the Incas came to this area, several of them moved to Cuzco for manufactured objects precious to the Inca and also to teach his techniques to the goldsmiths Cuzco.
expertise such as casting, welding, hammering, among others. Produced large amount of metal objects, some for ceremonial purposes and other religious purposes. Notable tumis ceremonial knives and masks adorned with precious stones like emeralds. The metals used were gold, silver and copper.

bugs: A culture of successful traders
This culture occupied the valleys of Chincha, Ica, Pisco and Nazca, Ica region in the current. Its political or government was in the valley of Chincha. Chincha culture
Although basically occupied the valleys mentioned, his influence reached from the Arequipa region. Find its beginnings in 1000 and would reach the year 1470.

The government of the Chincha culture was aristocratic type, ie was in charge of a minority group of nobles. He was also an authoritarian and centralized. At the head was the lord or king of Chincha.
Their society consisted of different groups:
• The nobility, who occupied the highest positions.
· The priests were the intermediaries between gods and men.
• The people, composed of merchants, artisans, farmers and fishermen.

Chincha society lived three activities: agriculture, fisheries and trade, trade being the most important activity. Despite having fertile land, food was not enough, so that men of this culture developed other economic activities. To practice the trade used both by sea as on land. Bed bugs had
reed horses for its maritime trade. Carrying agricultural products traded with northern towns after precious stones, gold and copper. It is known that sailing would come to Ecuador.
The land trade was conducted through South American camelids. Marketed to people of Cusco and Puno. Of these regions were jerky (dried llama meat), wool, copper, etc. Although

occupied territories of the Nazca and Paracas cultures, the Chincha culture was not very sophisticated ceramics, but simple. Was mostly utilitarian type.
The shape of the ceramics were diverse: vases, jugs, plates, pitchers. Note that Chincha potters abandoned the use of the bridge loop.
The colors used were black and white on a red background. Their motives were mainly geometric and zoomorphic figures.

As far as buildings are concerned, the Chincha adobe and adobe blocks used to build houses, temples and roads. The walls of the buildings are decorated in high and low relief with geometric and zoomorphic beings, much like those found in Chan - Chan. Highlights the complex architecture of Tambo de Mora in Ica.

Their religion was polytheistic, and in textiles would have used camels cotton and wool. This culture comes to an end when the Inca Tupac Yupanqui Inca defeated and annexed to Tahuantinsuyo.





ACTIVITIES

1. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD:
a) The first king of the Chimu culture was ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
b) The capital city of the Chimu was ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
c) The main agricultural activity that was practiced Chimu ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
d) Late Intermediate began after the fall of the Empire ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
e) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. was the material used for bed bugs in their buildings.
f), the Chincha culture comes to an end when they are conquered by the Inca ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
g) The Chincha were as economic activity important ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
h) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... were sunken fields used by the bugs.
i) In the Chincha culture the government was exercised from the valley ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
j) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. were slaves in Chimu society.

2. Consider the following CERAMI Chimu (draw it in your notebook) and write your MAIN FEATURES:

a) Form: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
b) Color: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
c) Income: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
d) Handle: .............................................. ..............
e) Figure representing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..

3. Explain in your OWN WORDS AND CONSISTENTLY:
a) How the Chimu conquered the desert geographical environment in which they develop?
b) Why Chimu people were buried with their belongings and offerings?
c) Why is stated that the Chimu were great craftsmen?
d) If chincha good agricultural land possessed Why was not farming their most important economic activity?

4. MACHINE MADE TIMELINE COMPARISON TO LOCATE THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURES Chimu and Chincha (Mabaso cultures should be located in the same line). SCALE 2 CM = 100 YEARS.

4. Illustrations of FIGURES OR RELATED TO THE SUBJECT.

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MOCHE

The Moche culture

The Moche culture developed mainly in the year 100 a. C. and lasted until 700 AD C. His development is found in the Coast region, mainly the north. Its main center was in the La Libertad region, but extended as far north as the Lambayeque region and south reached the region of Ancash.

An important feature of the Moche people of Cultra, as well as other cultures that developed in the Early Intermediate, is that they had made great progress in various areas of water technology (the technique studying the transmission and distribution of water in agricultural land), which allowed irrigate and cultivate numerous valleys. The Mochica, for example, built irrigation systems, water wells, irrigation channels, etc. achieving low fluid transport element for the arid soil of our coast. For the people it meant getting more produce, for more and better food and a notable increase in the population.
The main agricultural product was corn, which was used to prepare court and chicha. Other daily consumer products were the lima beans, sweet potato, pumpkin, Loch, avocado, papaya, and cucumber lucuma. They also consumed potato thanks to barter or exchange of goods with other peoples of the Sierra. The diet was supplemented by fishing, thanks to its proximity to the sea. Had fishing nets, harpoons, hooks, and boats known as straw reed horses, which even now are being built and used.
Different studies show that Mochica should be a very well organized, with large public works. It is believed that the State Mochica was militaristic and aggressive wars of conquest used to expand their territories.
The ruling class consisted of a small group of military Nobles, where the top leader was called Cie - Quiche, ruler of the Moche valley. Then came the Alaec, who were the kings of a single valley, subordinates the ultimate authority.

After we find the priests who were highly respected by all the people, for they knew the "secrets" of agriculture. These priests lived in truncated pyramid temples, unlike the nobles who lived in palaces. The priests were responsible for the worship of the most important god of the Moche, the Aia - Apaec, whose teeth of felines, the wrinkled face and whiskers coming out of the nose. Followed the priests, the people, which was made up of fishermen, farmers, artisans and soldiers. We finally found the slaves, people who did not enjoy any privilege and that in fact POWs were used for human sacrifices.
Almost everything we know about the lives of the Moche is through their pottery, considered the most beautiful of ancient Peru. Its shape is diverse, but predominantly globular stirrup-odd bottle. Bichrome is a ceramic, it highlights two colors: creamy white and reddish brown.

There were two types of Moche ceramics, sculptural ceramics, mostly decorated with scenes of everyday life and the Pictorial Ceramics showing scenes of war. Among the highlights sculptural ceramics painted ceramics, representing mature men in different moods, happy, sad, angry, etc.

worked in the metallurgy of gold and precious stones in the development of ornaments such as bracelets, earrings, breastplates, masks, etc..

Regarding its construction, the adobe used both to build houses and temples. The shape of his temples was the truncated pyramid. Among the main highlight the Huaca del Sol, dedicated to the worship of the god Aia - Apaec and Huaca de la Luna, dedicated to the worship of the dead, both temples located in the northern city of Trujillo - La Libertad.

ACTIVITIES:

1. TRUE (V) OR FALSE (F): (MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF INFORMATION)

. The Moche culture developed in the south coast.

. The Moche were a peaceful people.

. Their pottery was mainly globurar with a single peak and stirrup.

. The painted ceramics are examples of ceramic painting.

. In their buildings used stone and sand.

. Its main activity was fishing ecopnómica.

. Grown using the sea.

. They made beautiful works in gold.

. Developed greatly in the field of hydraulic technology.

. Its most important agricultural product was the pope.

2. SAYS (CRITICAL THINKING)

a) Why do you think was important to study the Mochica cultuira?

b) What do you mean by hydraulic technology?

c) Was it important for the cultures of the coast to develop hydraulic technology? Why?

d) What do you think cultural contribution is the most stressed in the Moche culture? Why?

3. LOCATED IN TIME: (LOCATION SPACE - TIME)

Make a timeline of the Mochica culture at 2 cm = 100 years